Accuracy: The abstract should accurately reflect the purpose and content of the paper; Independence: The abstract should stand alone as a separate entity, so explanations should be provided for special terms, all abbreviations (excluding units of measurement), and acronyms; Conciseness and specificity: Each sentence in the abstract should provide maximum information in a concise manner; Tense and voice: The abstract mostly uses the present and past tenses, and passive voice is often used to describe facts

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Different Types: Descriptive, Informative, and Structured. Descriptive abstracts are commonly used in social sciences and humanities, providing general information about the research without specific details on methods and conclusions. Informative abstracts are often found in scientific papers, presenting information on research background, objectives, methods, results, and conclusions. Structured abstracts are information-based, composed of a series of headings (e.g. research objectives, methods, results, conclusions), primarily used in medical papers and clinical trial reports

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What type of format is best for writing an abstract?

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What are the general requirements for an abstract?

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